Quantum simplex, quantum zero-sum games. Thank you for visiting nature. However, in practice, most observables, such as Pauli operators, will have exponentially large Tr O 2 , so the central quantity is the dimension d. The runtime of a quantum machine learning algorithm also often depends on characteristics of the matrix that represents the data under analysis, such as its rank, the Frobenius norm or other matrix norms , the sparsity, the condition number, and the error we tolerate in the analysis. Which authors of this paper are endorsers?