Quantum Computing: A Gentle Introduction. Going into the past, the universe gets smaller, and the wavelength of photons will shrink too. American Journal of Physics. Quantum particles also seem to be able to affect each other instantaneously even when they are far away from each other. Even this connection has caveats, though, and a full understanding of the relationship between measurement and outcome is still needed. They showed that when certain particles collide, the amplitude of each possible outcome equals the volume of a geometric object, dubbed the amplituhedron. Neill Graham, eds. US: Springer.